This article examines the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (ICC) over war crimes in both international and non-international armed conflicts. Focusing on the amendments to Article 8 of the Rome Statute adopted at the Kampala Review Conference (2010), the study highlights how these amendments expanded the Court’s jurisdiction to include the use of prohibited weapons in non-international conflicts. Using a descriptive-analytical method and library resources, the research confirms the hypothesis linking war crimes to armed conflicts and argues that the criminal responsibility of perpetrators aligns with the Court’s judicial authority. The paper also addresses challenges such as defining war crimes, legal distinctions between international and non-international conflicts, and the role of reforms in bridging these gaps. It concludes by suggesting that official interpretations or amendments to the Statute are necessary to clarify ambiguities and enhance the ICC’s effectiveness in prosecuting war crimes. The findings underscore the importance of ongoing legal reforms to ensure accountability and justice in the context of armed conflicts.