The environment, as the basis for the life of living beings and sustainable development, is currently facing serious challenges resulting from destructive human activities. Environmental crimes, as one of the most important factors in environmental degradation, require special attention and the adoption of an efficient criminal policy at the national and international levels. This article aims to examine Iran's criminal policy in combating environmental crimes and compare it with international approaches. It analyzes the relevant criminal laws and regulations, the functioning of the judicial system, existing challenges, and provides solutions to improve the situation; in a way that the results have proven the necessity of refining the laws and in some cases intensifying the penalties while converging in international arenas and conventions. The present study, using a descriptive-analytical method and with an applied approach, while examining domestic and international legal documents and sources, has tried to present a comprehensive picture of Iran's current criminal policy in light of international laws and treaties in this field. The results of this research have shown that Iran's criminal policy in the field of environmental crimes, even in government agencies with the elimination of specific permits, despite some strengths, faces fundamental challenges in the areas of legislation, executive, and judicial action, and requires fundamental reforms to comply with international standards and achieve sustainable development goals.