In the field of criminal law and judicial systems, the use of artificial intelligence technology as a new tool in trial and enforcement processes is a specialized and challenging field that requires analysis. The discussion of the impact of artificial intelligence on criminal systems and criminal justice constitutes the context and purpose of the present study. This study is theoretical and has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method. Given that Iranian law is significantly influenced by Imami jurisprudence, the application of artificial intelligence in criminal systems and criminal justice is under investigation. Of course, artificial intelligence can be considered as a tool to facilitate these matters. Artificial intelligence has a significant impact on criminal systems and criminal justice, and these effects are aimed at improving the efficiency, accuracy, and speed of judicial processes, preventing human errors, and reducing the time of trials. The use of AI-based technologies in diagnosis, investigation, evidence review, and case understanding can lead to more accurate and fair decision-making, but at the same time there are concerns about protecting privacy rights and respecting ethical principles. Therefore, the correct and balanced use of AI can, in addition to increasing the effectiveness of judicial systems, also reduce challenges related to individual rights and privacy, and it is important that the development and application of these technologies take place within the framework of specific laws and regulations and with ethical considerations.