This article examines the role of natural law in crime prevention by analyzing its theoretical and practical foundations within the framework of Iran’s criminal policy and international instruments. It first introduces the fundamental principles of natural law, including the right to life, liberty, personal security, human dignity, justice, education, and self-determination, and explains their impact on crime prevention processes. It then discusses the cognitive, structural, functional, and supervisory components as the core elements of applying these principles in criminal policy. The next section analyzes Iran’s criminal policy in areas such as human dignity, social justice, restorative justice, crime prevention, prisoners’ rights, and rehabilitation, while highlighting existing capacities for strengthening this approach through public legal education, support for vulnerable groups, social justice development, and the reintegration of offenders into society. Another part of the article focuses on international instruments, including the UN Charter, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1966 Covenants, and the Nelson Mandela, Beijing, and Bangkok Rules, which embody natural law at the global level and serve as models for enhancing national criminal policies. Finally, it identifies major challenges, such as legal and jurisprudential inconsistencies, social inequalities, resource limitations, and insufficient judicial training, as the main obstacles to the full realization of this approach in Iran.