Cybercrimes, due to their transnational nature, technical complexity, and rapid occurrence, have become one of the major challenges for criminal justice systems at the international level. The prosecution and extradition of cybercriminals, especially in a context where domestic and international laws often have serious contradictions, face numerous legal, technological, and political issues. This paper examines the concept and characteristics of cybercrimes, analyzes the challenges involved in the prosecution and extradition of such crimes from legal, technological, and international cooperation perspectives, and evaluates the role of international conventions such as the Budapest Convention and organizations like INTERPOL. In the final section, solutions for strengthening judicial jurisdiction through harmonizing international laws, advancing judicial technologies, and enhancing international cooperation are provided. The findings indicate that achieving justice in the realm of cybercrimes requires an integrated international approach that effectively tackles these challenges through the use of advanced technologies and cross-border cooperation.