The institution of sovereignty means the responsibility of the state towards citizens and individuals within its jurisdiction. This responsibility has many diverse aspects. In order to exercise national sovereignty, states exercise judicial powers and resolve disputes. One of the important issues here is the conviction of innocent individuals by the judicial system. After the innocence of the convicted, the most important issue that arises is compensation for the damages suffered by the said individuals. The purpose of the present study, which has been compiled using a descriptive-analytical method and library tools, is to explain the conditions for compensation for the damages suffered by innocent convicts in the laws of Iran and Islamic countries. The results of this study show that despite the existence of appropriate regulations and mechanisms for compensation for the aforementioned damages, some compensation conditions, such as placing the burden of proving the causal relationship between the damages incurred and the behavior of criminal justice actors on the innocent convicted persons, are not in line with the principles of justice and fairness as well as human rights standards; In this regard, it is necessary for Islamic countries to move towards reforming and adjusting the regulations governing compensation for damages incurred by innocent convicted persons.