One of the most important divisions of crimes in Iran is the division of crimes into visible and non-visible, in which in visible crimes, judicial officers and in some crimes, citizens can take the initial steps (even if they result in arrest). In the Canadian criminal justice system, such a division of crimes is not seen and no crime is recognized as visible. However, crimes that can be arrested or detained in this country can be considered equivalent to visible crimes in the Iranian criminal system, considering the principles and criteria that have been introduced for them and the powers that have been foreseen for judicial officers and citizens. The present study, which is written using a descriptive-analytical method and with the aim of answering the question of what criteria are foreseen for distinguishing visible from non-visible crimes in criminal proceedings in Iran and Canada and what effects does this distinction have?, was written and the research hypothesis was based on the multiple criteria for distinction in both countries and effects such as judicial powers for judicial officers and ... In order to examine the validity of the hypothesis, according to the results obtained, it was determined: "Visibility, absconding, having the tools and instruments of crime, etc. are among the criteria for distinguishing visible and invisible crimes, and the most important effects of separation are: differentiation of proceedings, prediction of judicial powers for judicial officers, prediction of differential duties for judicial officers, and prediction of the possibility of citizen participation.